The ‘Alternative phonemes’ column suggests related or possible alternative phonemes. A useful place to start when looking for alternative pronunciations.
The italic phonemes are ‘voiced/unvoiced equivalents’. For example, when a singer sings ‘liddle’ instead of ‘little’.
Use the key for more explanations.
This phoneme chart is specifically relevant English Vocaloid 1 products, but the info should apply to Vocaloid 2 and 3 also. The example words all assume a neutral english (British) accent.
| Type | Comment | Example Words | Alternative phonemes | ||||
| Vowels and Diphthongs | |||||||
|
@
|
Vowel | Schwa | aware, synthesis, harmony, the | V, @r, Q@ | |||
|
V
|
Vowel | unclean, cut, duck |
@, Q@ | ||||
|
e
|
Vowel | egg, them | e@ | ||||
|
I
|
Vowel | it, synthesis | i:, I@ | ||||
|
i:
|
Vowel | eat, beef, harmony | I, I@ | ||||
|
{
|
Vowel | axe, trap | aU | ||||
|
O:
|
Vowel | ought, ball | O@, U@, Q | ||||
|
Q
|
Vowel | off, lot, | O:, OI | ||||
|
U
|
Vowel | put, look | U@ | ||||
|
u:
|
Vowel | boot, view | U@ | ||||
|
@r
|
Diphthong | (r-coloured) | urge, bird, maker | @, V | |||
|
eI
|
Diphthong | (j-coloured) | age, date, pay | e | |||
|
aI
|
Diphthong | (j-coloured) | eye, died, buy | @, V | |||
|
OI
|
Diphthong | (j-coloured) | oil, choice, boy | Q, O:, O@ | |||
|
@U
|
Diphthong | (w-coloured) | oat, soak, show | @ | |||
|
aU
|
Diphthong | (w-coloured) | out, loud, cow | { | |||
|
I@
|
Diphthong | ear, cheered, beer | I, i: | ||||
|
e@
|
Diphthong | air, shared, bare, aware | e | ||||
|
U@
|
Diphthong | ‘ure’ or ‘oo-er’ | surely, poor, pure, you’re | U, O:, O@, u: | |||
|
O@
|
Diphthong | or, sort, pour | O:, Q | ||||
|
Q@
|
Diphthong | (r-coloured) | are, harmony, star | @, V | |||
| Un-Voiced Consonants | |||||||
|
p
|
Plossive | spit, top | ph | b | |||
|
t
|
Plossive | stuck, pit | th | d | |||
|
k
|
Plossive | sky, rock | kh | g | |||
|
tS
|
Affricate | chat, thatcher, touch | dZ | ||||
|
f
|
Fricative | feel, offer, beef | v | ||||
|
T
|
Fricative | think, synthesis, bath | D | ||||
|
s
|
Fricative | synthesis | z | ||||
|
S
|
Fricative | share, washer, ash | Z | ||||
|
h
|
Fricative | hat, harmony, | |||||
|
ph
|
Plossive | Aspiration | pat | p | bh | ||
|
th
|
Plossive | Aspiration | tap | t | dh | ||
|
kh
|
Plossive | Aspiration | kiss | k | gh | ||
| Voiced Consonants | |||||||
|
w
|
Glide | way, aware | |||||
|
j
|
Glide | yell, huge, pure | |||||
|
b
|
Plossive | rob, cabinet | bh | p | |||
|
d
|
Plossive | bad, radar | dh | t | |||
|
dZ
|
Affricate | jeans, reject, page | tS | ||||
|
v
|
Fricative | vote, liver, save | f | ||||
|
D
|
Fricative | their, the, other | T | ||||
|
z
|
Fricative | zoom, resort, boys | s | ||||
|
Z
|
Fricative | Asia, rouge, beige | S | ||||
|
m
|
Nasal | mind, harmony, dim | |||||
|
n
|
Nasal | night, synthesis, harmony, man | |||||
|
N
|
Nasal | hunger, sting | |||||
|
r
|
Liquid | rancid, arrow | |||||
|
l
|
Liquid | fly, feel | l0 | ||||
|
g
|
Plossive | jogging, bag | gh | k | |||
|
bh
|
Plossive | Aspiration | big | b | ph | ||
|
dh
|
Plossive | Aspiration | dog | d | th | ||
|
gh
|
Plossive | Aspiration | god | g | kh | ||
|
l0
|
Liquid | Aspiration type l – 0 (number not letter) |
list | l | |||
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